Factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en una ciudad de Perú / Factors Associated with Excusive Breastfeeding Abandonment in a Peruvian City

Introducción: El abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva representa un problema de salud pública que afecta el desarrollo del niño durante los seis primeros meses de vida. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en una ciudad de Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, que estuvo constituido por 177 mujeres que acudieron al consultorio de crecimiento y desarrollo de los hospitales "Víctor Ramos Guardia y "EsSalud II" de la ciudad de Huaraz (Perú) durante los meses de julio a diciembre del 2018. Se utilizó la entrevista personal para recolectar los factores socioeconómicos, culturales y biológicos relacionados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. El programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 25 se utilizó para el análisis de datos. La prueba Chi Cuadrado se usó para evaluar la estadística inferencial. Resultados: De los factores evaluados, solo el biológico se relacionó significativamente al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. El 61,36 por ciento fueron hombres; 55,45 por ciento recibieron lactancia en la primera hora de vida; 38,64 por ciento no tuvieron leche materna; 52,27 por ciento tuvieron buena experiencia con la lactancia materna; 65,91 por ciento consideraron conveniente brindar fórmula láctea; 84,09 por ciento y 97,73 por ciento de niños menores de seis meses estuvieron recibiendo solo lactancia materna y comenzaron a brindar formula láctea; y 52,27 por ciento consideró como motivo de abandono cuando el bebé tenía hambre. Conclusiones: Los factores socioeconómico y cultural no se relacionaron al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva, mientras que el factor biológico sí se relaciona significativamente(AU)

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment represents a public health concern that affects child development during the first six months of life. Objective: To identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in a Peruvian city. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study including 177 women who attended the growth and development clinic of Víctor Ramos Guardia and EsSalud II hospitals in Huaraz City (Peru) during the months from July to December 2018. We used the personal interview to collect the socioeconomic, cultural and biological factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 25) was used for the data analysis. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the inferential statistics. Results: Of the evaluated factors, only the biological one was significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. 61.36 percent were men. 55.45 percent were breast-fed in the first hour of life. 38.64 percent had no breast milk. 52.27 percent had a good experience with breastfeeding. 65.91 percent considered it convenient to provide milk formula. 84.09 percent and 97.73 percent of children younger than six months were only breastfed and began to be offered milk formula. 52.27 percent considered that the baby was hungry as reason for abandonment. Conclusions: The socioeconomic and cultural factors were not related to exclusive breastfeeding abandonment, while the biological factor was significantly related to it(AU)

Avaliação do processo de reparo alveolar em ratos utilizando ß- tricálcio-fosfato associado ou não ao laser de baixa potência / Evaluation of the alveolar repair process in rats using ß-Tricalcium Phosphate associated or not with low power laser

O uso de biomateriais em substituição ao enxerto autógeno tem sido objeto de estudo, e apresentando resultados promissores. Deste modo, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar os efeitos do ß-tricálcio-fosfato e do LASER de baixa potência no processo de reparo alveolar. Foram utilizados 96 ratos (Rattus novergicus albinus Wistar), sendo 24 ratos para análise dos cortes calcificados e 72 ratos para análise dos cortes descalcificados. Os animais foram submetidos a exodontia do incisivo superior direito e em seguida foi feita a separação por grupo e por tempo. Para os cortes calcificados, foi feita a divisão em 4 grupos de 6 animais cada: Grupo CO (Controle), Grupo BTF (Biomaterial), Grupo LS (LASER de baixa potência), Grupo BTFL (biomaterial LASER de baixa potência), eutanasiados no período de 28 dias. Para análise dos cortes descalcificados foram utilizados os mesmos grupos em tempos de eutanasia de 7,14 e 28 dias. As maxilas foram removidas e submetidas às análises histológica e histométrica nos cortes descalcificados e análise tomográfica microcomputadorizada (Micro-Ct) nos cortes calcificados. A análise por micro-Ct evidenciou formação de tecido ósseo em todos os grupos, porém não houve diferença entre os grupos experimentais e o controle. A análise histométrica evidenciou maior presença de tecido ósseo neoformado estatististicamente significante em LS aos 7 dias quando comparados aos demais grupos. Desta forma, concluiu-se que o LASER de baixa potência acelerou as fases inicias do processo de reparo alveolar(AU)

The use of biomaterials to replace autogenous grafts has been the subject of study, and has shown promising results. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of ß-tricalcium-phosphate and low-power LASER on the alveolar repair process. 96 rats (Rattus novergicus albinus Wistar) were used, being 24 rats for analysis of calcified cuts and 72 rats for analysis of decalcified cuts. The animals underwent extraction of the upper right incisor and then the separation was made by group and by time. For the calcified cuts, the division was made into 4 groups of 6 animals each: Group CO (Control), Group BTF (Biomaterial), Group LS (low power LASER), Group BTFL (low power LASER biomaterial), euthanized in the 28-day period. For the analysis of decalcified cuts, the same groups were used at times of euthanasia of 7.14 and 28 days. The jaws were removed and subjected to histological and histometric analysis in the decalcified sections and microcomputerized tomographic analysis (Micro-Ct) in the calcified sections. Micro-Ct analysis showed bone tissue formation in all groups, but there was no difference between experimental and control groups. Histometric analysis showed a greater presence of statistically significant neoformed bone tissue in LS at 7 days when compared to the other groups. Thus, it was concluded that the low-power LASER accelerated the early stages of the alveolar repair process(AU)

Avaliação da mineralização dos segundos molares inferiores como parâmetro para a classificação da idade biológica / Evaluation of the mineralization of permanent second molars as a parameter to classify the biological age of the individual

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se a mineralização dos segundos molares inferiores permanentes pode ser usado como parâmetro para classificar a idade biológica do indivíduo. A amostra foi constituída por 129 radiografias panorâmicas, sendo 71 indivíduos do sexo feminino e 58 indivíduos do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 7 anos à 12 anos e 1 mês. Para a análise da mineralização dental foi utilizada a tabela proposta por Nolla (1960). Os resultados da análise foram documentados numa planilha do programa Microsoft Excel 2010 contendo o nome completo, data de nascimento, data da tomada radiográfica, idade em anos e meses, número do prontuário, estágio de Nolla (1960) lado direito e lado esquerdo. Foi realizada a análise estatística (Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e correlação de Spearman) e pôde-se concluir que na amostra estudada não foi encontrado dimorfismo sexual, que a mineralização dentária ocorre de forma similar do lado direito e esquerdo, e que a mineralização dos segundos molares inferiores permanentes podem ser usadas como parâmetro para estimar a idade biológica e cronológica de um indivíduo.(AU)

This paper aimed to evaluate if the mineralization of permanent second molars can be used as a parameter to classify the biological age of the individual. The sample was composed of 129 panoramic radiographs, being 71 females and 58 males, aged 7 years and 12 years and 1 month. For the analysis of dental mineralization it was used a table proposed by Nolla (1960) with X-rays on the negatoscope (light box). The analysis results were documented in a Excel spreadsheet containing the full name, date of birth, date of the radiographic procedure, age in years and months, medical record number, stage of Nolla (1960) right and left side. Performed a statistical analysis, we concluded in our survey that the tooth mineralization occurs similarly in the right and left side, there is a certain precocity when compared to chronological age and the stage of mineralization in females compared to males. We also conclude that within the same chronological age, girls and boys have different mineralization stages, indicating that the dental mineralization can be used to identify the biological age, and the same is poorly correlated with chronological age.(AU)

Diagnostic value of CEA, CA125, CYFRA21-1, and NSE in lung cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of four tumor markers analyzed with Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve in patients with lung cancer.Methods The serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 、carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125),cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 112 patients with lung cancer and 74 patients with benign pulmonary disease.Four tumor markers were analyzed by Logistic regression and ROC curve.Results The serum levels of CEA,CA125,CYFRA21-1 and NSE in lung cancer patients were [4.53(2.22-11.53)ng/ml,28.97 (11.39-62.10) U/ml,4.05(2.29-8.18)ng/ml,14.11 (11.35-24.12) ng/ml],respectively,which were significantly higher than those in health adults[2.08 (1.45-2.52) ng/ml,12.90 (9.80-19.44) U/ml,1.53 (1.21-2.17) ng/ml,11.38 (9.07-12.80) ng/ml] (all P ＜ 0.01).According to regression equation Y =1/[1 + EXP (4.902-0.394X1-0.627X2-0.165X3)],the area under the ROC curve (AUC),sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of new variable Y were 0.915 ± 0.020,79.46％,93.24％,and 84.95％,respectively.Conclusions Application of logistic regression and ROC curve increases diagnostic accuracy in lung cancer.